Improvement of solid state cathodoluminescence intensity

Two effective approaches have been implemented to improve solid state cathodoluminescence (SSCL) intensity based on impact excitation. The first is to enhance the injected electron density and the energy of hot electrons. The second is to use mixed excitation, to produce a combination of SSCL and organic electroluminescence. In SSCL the electron source includes injected electrons from the cathode, as well as electrons freed from interfacial states and those trapped in the material. These electrons are accelerated in the solid thin films and become hot electrons, which can directly excite the organic material and then recombine with injected holes in the same manner as conducting electrons and multiplied electrons.