From high-order harmonic generation to attosecond pulses——Review of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2023

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 was awarded to Pierre Agostini from The Ohio state university, USA, Ferenc Krausz from Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany and Anne L’ Huillier from Lund university, Sweden for their contribution in developing the experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light. The electronic structure of the material fundamentally determines its physical property. The attosecond science born together with the generation of attosecond light pulses in the dawn of the 21st century enable for the first time the measuring and manipulating the motion of electrons. We will review the background and principle of the generation and characterization of attosecond pulses as well as the application of attosecond pulses in detecting and controlling electron dynamics.