Potential applications of laser-plasma as X-ray sources

Laser-plasma X-ray sources have the advantages of small volume, high brightness and ultrashort duration, which signify important potential applications in time-resolved diagnosis. We present examples of such applications in soft-X-ray projection lithography, biological radiography, crystallography and inertial confinement fusion, which pertain to the information, biology, materials and energy research fields, respectively. We hope this article can give people in the relevant research and industry fields an idea of what kind of tools we can provide for them, and realize collaboration among researchers in different domains.