Application of X-ray lasers in dense plasma diagnostics

The X-ray laser is a useful tool in dense plasma diagnostics because of its short wavelength, high intensity and coherence. A brief description of its applications is given here based on various demonstration experiments, including an introduction to the principle of plasma diagnostics, the fabrication of X-ray lasers, and the results of diagnostic experiments using the Moiré deflector and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.