New frontiers in nanofluid

In recent years, research on nanofluids has become a hot topic in multi-disciplinary areas with especially major progresses made in the measurement of fluid properties, interpretation of flow and heat transfer mechanisms and innovative applications of the nanofluid. In this article, several latest enlightening works such as heat pipe using nanofluid as working medium, nano-droplet particles based nano fluid, nano-liquid metal fluid and nanofluid control by way of photothermal nanoparticles were comprehensively reviewed. Important scientific issues raised were summarized and some novel possible applications were pointed out.