Recent developments in the fabrication of DNA microarrays

With the accomplishment of the Human Genome Project and the development of the Proteome Project, the high－throughput DNA microarray sequencing technology has developed very rapidly, and has been applied in many fields, including the measurement of global gene expression patterns, identification of complex genetic diseases, mutation/polymorphism detection, and drug discovery and toxicology studies. At the same time, several new methods to fabricate DNA microarrays have been developed. In this paper we shall describe the rolling circle amplification technique, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) method, ATMS/diazotization and chemical nanoprinting.