Multi-field modulation of ferroelectric films

Ferroelectric thin films have been widely used in non-volatile random-access memories, piezoelectric devices, pyroelectric devices and electro-optical devices. Due to the strong coupling among polarization, lattice and charge degrees of freedom, the properties of ferroelectric thin films can be tuned not only by an electric field, but also by multiple external fields. In this paper, the electrical, mechanical and optical modulations of the properties of ferroelectric thin films (i.e., polarization and conductivity) are discussed, as well as the physical mechanisms and their potential applications. The multi-field modulated ferroelectric films can overcome the limitations of traditional electric field driven devices, and provide new ideas for the design of multi-field driven ferroelectric devices.