Quantum shows its origin from extreme cold: A rambling discussion on the study of cold atoms

The quantum volatility, macroscopic quantum coherence and artificial controllability of a cold atom system make it a brand new quantum system. The research on its novel quantum states and exotic properties is a forward-looking and challenging international frontier field. Since the realization of the rarefied gas Bose-Einstein condensate in 1995, there has been a gradual transition from the study of single-component simple interactions to multicomponent complex many-body effects and spin-orbit coupled, non-Hermitian, strong correlation, disordered effects of new physics. This paper reviews the progress in research on cold atoms in recent years, including technologies related to cold atoms, and important work on cold atoms in quantum precision measurement, quantum simulation, and quantum computing, and hopes to give new inspiration to future research.