Singularities and black holes——On the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics was announced on the evening of October 6 (Beijing time). Half of the prize was awarded to Roger Penrose for the "discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory relativity"；the other half was awarded to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for the "discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our Galaxy". This paper focuses on Penrose and his research on the singularity of spacetime, including black holes, the singularity theorem, cosmic censorship hypothesis, and so on.