2022 Vol. 51 No. 6
2022, 51(6): 373-383.
DOI: 10.7693/wl20220601
Abstract：
“A generation of materials, a generation of batteries”. Improved cathode materials continue to upgrade lithium-ion power batteries. The cathode of the first-generation battery was made of LiMn2O4, which has the characteristics of good low-temperature performance, low cost, and high safety, but the energy density is not very high. The second-generation batteries used LiFePO4 and NCA/NCM; the former has the advantages of long life, low cost, and high safety, while the latter has large capacity, high energy density, and high charging efficiency. The third-generation batteries are made of high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiNiO2，and aim to combine both low cost and long lifetime so that longer mileage can be achieved. This paper first describes the history, advantages, disadvantages, and recent developments of the first and second-generation LiMn2O4, LiFePO4, and NCA/NCM cathode materials, then presents an overview of the next generation LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiNiO2 materials.
“A generation of materials, a generation of batteries”. Improved cathode materials continue to upgrade lithium-ion power batteries. The cathode of the first-generation battery was made of LiMn2O4, which has the characteristics of good low-temperature performance, low cost, and high safety, but the energy density is not very high. The second-generation batteries used LiFePO4 and NCA/NCM; the former has the advantages of long life, low cost, and high safety, while the latter has large capacity, high energy density, and high charging efficiency. The third-generation batteries are made of high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiNiO2，and aim to combine both low cost and long lifetime so that longer mileage can be achieved. This paper first describes the history, advantages, disadvantages, and recent developments of the first and second-generation LiMn2O4, LiFePO4, and NCA/NCM cathode materials, then presents an overview of the next generation LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiNiO2 materials.
2022, 51(6): 384-396.
DOI: 10.7693/wl20220602
Abstract：
The physical fundamentals related to the characteristics of lithium batteries are analyzed from the perspective of computational physics, which has important significance for optimizing the design and promoting the development of the batteries. By analyzing and linking the physical model with battery performance, the relevant factors and computational methods are extracted. We also review the development of multi-scale technologies for computing, modeling, and simulating the scientific issues, as well as recent research progress, based on machine learning and high-throughput computing methods. It is foreseeable that the combination of multi-scale simulation and highly intelligent computing technology will greatly promote the rapid development of lithium batteries. Establishing a five-dimensional integrated system to analyze the scale of the calculation, the basic scientific theory, the physical form of the energy storage mechanism and system, the relationship between simulation and practice, and the scientific basis for engineering applications will be of great significance not only for revealing the relationship between the basic principles and computational physics of lithium batteries, but also for understanding the structureperformance relationship and developing the regulation of battery systems.
The physical fundamentals related to the characteristics of lithium batteries are analyzed from the perspective of computational physics, which has important significance for optimizing the design and promoting the development of the batteries. By analyzing and linking the physical model with battery performance, the relevant factors and computational methods are extracted. We also review the development of multi-scale technologies for computing, modeling, and simulating the scientific issues, as well as recent research progress, based on machine learning and high-throughput computing methods. It is foreseeable that the combination of multi-scale simulation and highly intelligent computing technology will greatly promote the rapid development of lithium batteries. Establishing a five-dimensional integrated system to analyze the scale of the calculation, the basic scientific theory, the physical form of the energy storage mechanism and system, the relationship between simulation and practice, and the scientific basis for engineering applications will be of great significance not only for revealing the relationship between the basic principles and computational physics of lithium batteries, but also for understanding the structureperformance relationship and developing the regulation of battery systems.
2022, 51(6): 397-404.
DOI: 10.7693/wl20220603
Abstract：
Electric energy has been used for hundreds of years, and all this time its transmission, distribution and utilization has been supporting our social and economic life. But now we need to advocate environment-friendly energy production and consumption. Electrical energy storage is an important technology to complete the industry’s value chain and contribute to its restructuring, thus it plays a pivotal role in the mission of carbon neutrality. Compressed air energy storage is one of the most promising technologies in large-scale energy storage. This paper focuses on the research and development of compressed air energy storage, and summarizes the principle, current status and future development prospects of this technology.
Electric energy has been used for hundreds of years, and all this time its transmission, distribution and utilization has been supporting our social and economic life. But now we need to advocate environment-friendly energy production and consumption. Electrical energy storage is an important technology to complete the industry’s value chain and contribute to its restructuring, thus it plays a pivotal role in the mission of carbon neutrality. Compressed air energy storage is one of the most promising technologies in large-scale energy storage. This paper focuses on the research and development of compressed air energy storage, and summarizes the principle, current status and future development prospects of this technology.
2022, 51(6): 405-412.
DOI: 10.7693/wl20220604
Abstract：
Photovoltaic technology can convert inexhaustible clean solar energy into electrical energy, so its large-scale application is a significant way to realize the transformation of our energy structure. Photovoltaics have undergone more than sixty years of development, and different kinds of solar cells have emerged so far. Although silicon solar cells have always occupied a dominant position in photovoltaic market, it is now becoming more and more difficult to further reduce costs. New thin-film solar cells have the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and suitability for multi-scenario applications, so they have broad prospects and have received more attention. Typically, copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium (CZTSSe) solar cells have become a potential competitor among the new generation thin-film cells, due to their excellent photoelectric properties and low-cost, plentiful raw material resources. In this review we will focus on CZTSSe solar cells and describe the principle of their operation, current research, and future development prospects.
Photovoltaic technology can convert inexhaustible clean solar energy into electrical energy, so its large-scale application is a significant way to realize the transformation of our energy structure. Photovoltaics have undergone more than sixty years of development, and different kinds of solar cells have emerged so far. Although silicon solar cells have always occupied a dominant position in photovoltaic market, it is now becoming more and more difficult to further reduce costs. New thin-film solar cells have the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and suitability for multi-scenario applications, so they have broad prospects and have received more attention. Typically, copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium (CZTSSe) solar cells have become a potential competitor among the new generation thin-film cells, due to their excellent photoelectric properties and low-cost, plentiful raw material resources. In this review we will focus on CZTSSe solar cells and describe the principle of their operation, current research, and future development prospects.
2022, 51(6): 422-427.
DOI: 10.7693/wl20220606
