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摘要: 在颗粒物质、胶体、泡沫、细胞等无序非平衡体系中，从流体态到非晶固态的转变过程被称为“阻塞相变”。这类体系粒子之间的相互作用能量比热运动能量高很多个数量级，因此可以等效地认为处于零温状态。不同于常见的液固相变，阻塞相变是由于体积分数(而非温度)变化导致的，是一种非平衡相变。当体积分数超过阻塞相变体积分数φJ时，粒子间由于相互接触形成稳定的力学网络，从而成为固态(图1)。在快速压缩的过程中，三维(单分散)体系的φJ ≈ 0.64，而二维(双分散)体系的φJ ≈ 0.84。近年来的研究发现，φJ还会和压缩速率等制备过程相关。阻塞相变前后体系的结构都是无序的，明显不同于液体的结晶过程。
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