Preparation and development of practical high-temperature superconducting materials
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摘要: 超导材料因具有零电阻效应、完全抗磁性以及量子隧穿效应，在电力、医疗、交通、量子计算、工业、国防等多个领域有着重要的现实意义和巨大的发展前景。自1911年超导现象被发现以来，超导理论、超导材料和超导应用技术均取得了重大进展。近年来，随着制备技术的日益成熟，高温超导材料已经从实验研究走向提升性能、突破应用的实用化阶段。文章将对超导材料的发展历程、物理特性以及分类等进行简要介绍，并系统介绍几种典型的实用化高温超导材料的基本结构、性能特点、制备技术及应用研究进展。在此基础上，对高温超导材料的性能提升和应用发展方向进行展望。Abstract: Superconducting materials exhibit zero-resistance, the Meissner effect, and quantum tunneling. Therefore, they are of profound practical significance and have immense developmental prospects in diverse domains such as electric power, health care, transportation, quantum computing, industry, national defense and scientific experimentation. Since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911, its theory, as well as the synthesis and application of superconducting materials, have seen significant progress. In recent years, with the steady improvement of preparation techniques, experimental research on high-temperature superconductivity has progressed to a stage of enhanced performance with potential breakthrough applications. This paper will briefly review the development and physical characteristics and classification of superconducting materials, then describe recent progress in the research on several significant practical high-temperature materials, including their lattice structures, characteristics, fabrication, and applications. Further enhancement of their performance for future applications will also be discussed.
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