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超导探测器与太赫兹天文应用

Superconducting detectors and their applications in terahertz astronomy

  • 摘要: 太赫兹频段(0.1—10 THz)占有宇宙空间近一半的光子能量,特别适合观测早期遥远天体、正在形成冷暗天体,以及被尘埃遮掩天体,且具有非常丰富的分子、原子及离子谱线,是其他频段不可替代的宇宙观测窗口。近四十年来,低温超导探测器技术得到快速发展,在天文学领域率先实现应用并取得系列有显著影响的研究成果,如黑洞成像、原行星盘精细结构观测以及近邻宇宙水分子刻画和宇宙最先诞生的电离氢化氦离子探测等。文章将主要介绍4种国际主流太赫兹超导探测器(即超导隧道结(SIS)混频器、超导热电子(HEB)混频器、超导相变边缘(TES)探测器和超导动态电感(KID)探测器)的研究进展、应用突破和未来发展趋势。

     

    Abstract: The terahertz frequency band (loosely defined as 0.1—10 THz) occupies approximately half of the photon energy in the universe and is particularly suitable for observing early distant objects, cold objects, and dusty objects. It also has very rich molecular, atomic and ion spectral lines, which are very important tracers for studying the dynamics of astronomical objects such as stars and planetary systems. In the past 40 years, low-temperature superconducting detector technology has rapidly developed, and has been widely applied in astronomy. A series of significant results have already been achieved, such as the imaging of black holes, the observation of the fine structure of protoplanetary disks, the characterization of water molecules in nearby universes, and the detection of the first molecule (HeH+) ever formed in the universe. In this paper we describe the recent research, application breakthroughs and future development trends of four kinds of terahertz superconducting detectors, namely, SIS mixers, HEB mixers, TES detectors, and KID detectors.

     

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