The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 and related interdisciplinary studies
-
摘要: 2024年，霍普菲尔德和辛顿因对神经网络和人工智能(AI)的基础性贡献而被授予诺贝尔物理学奖，引发了科技界的广泛热议。AI是否属于物理学以及物理学如何为AI做出贡献成为争论的焦点。文章回顾了物理学如何促进AI早期发展的历史，特别强调了两个重要的科学分支，它们起源于通过应用物理学思想来研究神经网络的实践。之后还讨论了理解和进一步改进AI以及思考“智能的本质”的未来方向。Abstract: In 2024, Hopfield and Hinton were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their fundamental contributions to neural-network based artificial intelligence (AI), which triggered much debate on whether AI belongs to physics and how physics contributes to AI. Here, we review the history of how physics contributed to the early development of AI, and in particular we highlight two important scientific branches that were initiated by applying physical concepts to study neural networks. We also discuss future directions for understanding and improving AI, and for resolving the nature of intelligence.
-
-
[1] Hopfield J J. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics，2013， 5：1
[2] Hopfield J J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA，1982，79(8)：2554
[3] 黄海平. 科学，2022，74：40 [4] Huang H. Front. Comput. Neurosci.，2024，18：1388166
[5] Bower J M. (NIPS) NeurIPS and Neuroscience：A Personal Historical Perspective，2022
[6] Ackley D H，Hinton G E，Sejnowski T J. Cognitive Science， 1985，9：147
[7] Stone J V. The Artificial Intelligence Papers：Original Research Papers With Tutorial Commentaries. Sebtel Press，2024
[8] Hinton G E. Neural Computation，2002，14 (8)：1771
[9] Wang H C et al. Nature，2023，620：47
[10] Hinton G E，Salakhutdinov R R. Science，2006，313(5786)：504
[11] Carleo G et al. Rev. Mod. Phys.，2019，91：045002
[12] 黄海平. 神经网络的统计力学(英文版). 北京：高等教育出版 社，2021 [13] 黄海平. 现代物理知识，2024，36 (6)：49 [14] Goldenfeld N，Kadanoff L P. Science，1999，284：87
[15] Bubeck S et al. 2023，arXiv：2303.12712
计量
- 文章访问数: 228
- HTML全文浏览量: 21
- PDF下载量: 1211
下载:
