物理学咬文嚼字之七十：纷繁的运—动—力学
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摘要: 深浅随所得，心知口难传——苏轼《怀西湖寄晁美叔同年》
摘要: Statics，kinematics，kinetics，kinesics，dynamics，再加上仿佛有关的cymatics，dianetics，这些纷乱的学问，还真让人头疼。 -
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[1] Kittel C. Thermal physics. New York：JohnWiley & Sons，1969 [2] Hertz H. The principles of mechanics.Dover Publication，Inc.，1956 [3] Poincaré H. Cinématique et mécanismes：Potentiel et mécanique des fluides. Jacques Gabay，2008 [4] Einstein A. Annal. Phys.，1902，9：417 [5] Suisky D. Euler as physicist. Springer，2009 [6] Hankins T L. Sir William Rowan Hamilton.The Johns Hopkins University Press，1980. p.178 [7] Penrose R. Road to reality. Vintage books，2004. p.686. 原文照录如下：The answer provided by practically all successful physical theories，from the time of Galileo onwards，would be given in the form of a dynamics-that is，a specification of how a physical system will develop with time，given the physical state of the system at one particular time. [8] Dirac P A M. The Principle of quantum mechanics. Oxford University Press，1982 [9] Cropper W H. Great Physicists：The Life and Times of Leading Physicists from Galileo to Hawking. Oxford University Press，2004. 原文照录如下：“It (kinematics) shows us how motion occurs without defining the forces that control the motion.With the forces included，as in Newton’s mechanics，kinematics becomes ‘dynamics.’” [10] ManinY I. Mathematics as metaphor.American Mathematical Society (2007) p.115. 原文照录如下：For the mathematician an isolated system consisted of：(a) its phase space，i.e.，the set of possible instantaneous states of motion of the system；(b) the set of curves in phase space describing all possible histories of the system，i.e.，sequences of states through which the system passes in the course of time. The first of these data is kinematics，the second is dynamics!It is important to distinguish a state of the system from a state of its motion. [11] Galison P L. Einstein's clocks，Poincaré's maps：empires of time. New York：W.W. Norton & company，2003. p.18 [12] Cao T Y. Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Field Theories. Cambridge University Press，1999. p90. 原文照录如下“…in Newtonian (or special relativistic) dynamics， Euclidean (or Minkowskian) (chrono)geometry with its affine structure，which is determined by the kinematic symmetry group (Galileo or Lorentz group) as the mathematical description of the kinematic structure of space (time)，etermines or reflects the inertial law as its basic dynamical law. In these theories，the kinematic structures have nothing to do with dynamics. Thus dynamical laws are invariant under the transformations of the kinematic symmetry groups.This means that the kinematic symmetries impose some restrictions on the form of the dynamical laws. However，this is not the case for general relativistic theories. In these theories，there is no a priori kinematic structure of spacetime，and thus there is no kinematic symmetry and no restriction on the form of dynamical laws. [13] Jenny H. Kymatik：Wellenphänomene und Schwingungen. AT Verlag，2001
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